Sport-specific conditioning has become a fundamental component of athletic preparation in track and field, as it focuses on developing the physical, physiological, and technical attributes required for optimal performance in specific events. Unlike general conditioning programs, sport-specific conditioning is designed to meet the unique demands of sprinting, jumping, throwing, and endurance events. The purpose of this review is to examine the impact of sport-specific conditioning on the competitive performance of track and field athletes by synthesizing findings from recent research studies. The reviewed literature indicates that sport-specific conditioning significantly enhances key performance variables, including muscular strength, explosive power, speed, agility, endurance, coordination, and movement efficiency. Furthermore, event-specific training adaptations contribute to improved biomechanics, reduced injury risk, and greater competitive success. Studies also highlight the importance of individualized conditioning programs that align with the physiological and technical requirements of different track and field disciplines. Despite substantial evidence supporting the effectiveness of sport-specific conditioning, gaps remain regarding long-term training adaptations, female athlete populations, and the application of advanced performance-monitoring technologies. The review concludes that sport-specific conditioning plays a crucial role in maximizing athletic performance and should be integrated into comprehensive training programs for track and field athletes at all competitive levels.