The aim of this study is to evaluated between body mass index and bone mineral density among rural and urban postmenopausal women. Setting and Participants: In this comparative study 500 postmenopausal women in the age group of 45-60 years were randomly selected from rural and urban area (250 in each group) of Punjab, India. Rural subjects were selected from Majal Khurd region which is located in Patiala district. Urban subjects were selected from Patiala region, Punjab. All the subjects were recorded and BMI was calculated. BMD was measured in calcaneus (heel bone) using Furuno’s CM-200 light ultrasound bone densitometer. The correlations between the variables were calculated by Pearson correlation test. P value < 0.05 was considered significant. Positive correlation was observed between BMI and BMD among urban samples whereas negative correlation was observed between BMI and BMD among rural samples BMI was found to be significantly associated with BMD in both rural and urban postmenopausal women. Body Mass Index (BMI) was found to be significantly associated with BMD. BMI is an important determinant of BMD in Indian females.