It seems that poor bone health, and osteoporosis is common in India. Peak bone mass achieved during puberty is a strong predictor of development of osteoporosis in later years. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in India is a major contributor to low bone mass. As a public health measure, it is important to encourage children to drink milk and play in the sun. This will ensure adequate calcium intake, vitamin D synthesis, and exercise. These three are the crucial elements in determining peak bone mass. There is thus an urgent need for greater public awareness in this regard. For the middle aged and elderly, early detection and treatment of osteoporosis with available agents can significantly reduce the risk of fractures and associated morbidity and mortality.